Reprinted with permission from AMI HOT NEWS
AMI International, PO Box 30, Bremerton, Washington, 98337.
From the April 2017 Issue:
TAIWAN
Submarine Program Announced/Agreement Signed with CSBC
On 06 April 2017, the Republic of China Navy (ROCN) formally announced its plan to build up to eight dieselelectric submarines under the Indigenous Defense Submarine (IDS) Program. The announcement follows the 21 March 2017 agreement signed between the Ministry of National Defense (MND) and China Ship Building Corporation (CSBC) and Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (CSIST). The con- tacts were signed at the Zuoying Naval Base in the presence of President Tsai Ing-wen and Defense Minister Feng Shih-kuan.
CSBC will be the builder of the eight hulls and CSIST is tasked with the development of the combat system. CSBC established a subma- rine development center in August 2016. The program is currently in the design phase that began in 2016 under a US$65.6M contract. The design phase is now expected to last around four years.
Although there is much speculation concerning the actual design, it is expected to displace around 1,500 tons. The initial requirement called for a displacement range of 1,000-2,000 tons. Various sources indicate that the ROCN is expected to request its initial US$4.9B (construction phase) in 2017-2018 for the first four units indicating a Request for Pro- posals (RfP) date in 2019 and a construction start date around 2020.
Defense officials have indicated a desire for the entire class to be delivered in an eight year span although AMI believes it will take at least eight to ten years for the first four units to be completed as CSBC has never built submarines (long learning curve) and they will require a sig- nificant amount of foreign design/construction assistance and weapons development assistance throughout the entire build process.
There is no doubt that the ROCN, CSBC and CSIST will receive construction advisory services from US companies as well as the pur- chase of all major engineering, sensor and weapons systems from US sources (and possibly others) as the program progresses. Whether all of those requests will be fulfilled is uncertain although likely. In the event that the ROCN does not receive all the required systems assistance for the program; then CSIST will be relied up to develop those systems in- digenously, which could have an impact on the timeline.
Assuming that the construction phase begins in 2020, the first four units will probably enter service between 2028 and 2030. Assuming that the final four units are funded and built, they could begin as early as 2028 delivering in the late 2030s.
Additional information on this project can be obtained by contact- ing Pat Bright at AMI International (Tel: + 1 757 963 7719 or E-mail: pbright@amiinter.com) or by visiting the Future Submarine (Indigenous Defensive Submarine) project report at: http://amiinter.com/wnpr/proj- ects/project.php?newcontID=299&countryID=60.
JAPAN
Jinryu (Modified Soryu) Class Diesel Electric Submarine (SS)
On 13 March 2017, the MSDF’s second Jinryu class diesel electric submarine (SS), JS Sekiryu (508), was commissioned.
AMI estimates that eight units of the class will be built through 2023.
ALGERIA
Kilo (636) Class Submarine
On 14 March 2017, the first of two Kilo (636) class submarines for the Algerian National Navy (ANN) was launched from Russia’s Admi- ralty Shipyard in St Petersburg. It is scheduled to be delivered to the ANN by 2018.
The second unit is currently under construction and will be launched in 2018 and delivered in 2019. Both units were ordered in 2014 in order to replace two Kilo 877Es that were procured from Russia and delivered in the late 1980s.
When the order is complete, the ANN will have four Kilo 636s in service. The first two were delivered in 2010 to supplement the two 877Es until the two remaining 636s are delivered in 2018 and 2019, at which time the two 877Es will be decommissioned.
NORWAY
Kongsberg, TKMS and Atlas Elektronik Team for Submarines
On 3 February 2017 the Norwegian Government announced that Germany was chosen as their strategic partner for new submarines and that Norway has entered into negotiations with ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS).
Following this decision, Kongsberg, TKMS, and Atlas Elektronik entered into a comprehensive teaming agreement on 9 March 2017. As part of this agreement, the three partners will form a company that is to be based in Norway that will be responsible for the development, pro- duction, and maintenance of combat systems for new and existing sub- marines.
With the Royal Norwegian Navy’s (RNoN) submarine program ex- pected to see a Request for Proposals (RfP) released in 2017, this team- ing agreement is especially important to the nation and should ensure a smooth procurement process for the planned six-unit class.
NAVAL SHIP DESIGN DEVELOPMENTS
NETHERLANDS – Ortega Submersibles Mk. 1C
On 27 January 2017, Ortega Submersibles of Enschede, the Neth- erlands released the specifications of their Standard Mk. 1C swimmer delivery vehicle (SDV) that is being planned for the Royal Netherlands Navy (RNlN) six-unit SDV program that will begin by the end of 2017. The Mk. 1C design has the following specifications:
• Length 650cm (21.3ft)
• Width 155cm (5.1ft)
• Beam 115cm (3.8ft)
• Dry Weight 350kg (771.6 lbs)
• Operational Weight (less crew) 490kg (1080.3 lbs)
• Range 80nm
• Surfaced Speed 8.5 knots
• Submerged Speed 10.2 knots
They are powered by four Hancell 378i Li-ON batteries that pro- vide 155 Volts DC to two 10kW (13.4hp) propulsion thrusters, one 4kW (5.4hp) bow thruster, and one 4kW (5.4hp) trim thruster. They are equipped with a graphic user interface for control and navigation and have optional GPS chart reference and wireless communication systems.
Each unit is equipped with an EPIRB, rescue buoy, and towing cable and comes with a transport container and custom transport trailer plus a 120 Volt AC charger unit to replenish the batteries and a spare parts kit.
MODERNIZATION AND SHIP TRANSFER
SOUTH AFRICA – Frigate and Submarine Upgrades
On 11 March 2017, ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS) of Germany and Denel of South Africa signed a Memorandum of Under- standing (MoU) to collaborate on modernization efforts for the South African Navy’s (SAN) four Valour class frigates and three Heroine class submarines.
The four frigates and three submarines were built by Germany’s TKMS and are in need of their mid-life upgrades. Denel’s Maritime Di- vision will take responsibility for maintenance and upgrades on the three submarines and four frigates. The upgrades will be done at Naval Dock- yard Simon’s Town.
The agreement provides the framework for TKMS, as the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) of the four frigates and three subma- rines commissioned from 2005 through 2008; to provide technical and shipyard support as subcontractors to Denel. It will include quality insur- ance and procurement, onsite technical support, transfer of technology and the development of a local supply chain in South Africa. Denel’s technical personnel will be trained in Germany.
The modernization efforts of both the frigates and submarines have faced continuing delays although it appears that the SAN is now laying the framework to move forward.
SAS Manthatisi is the first of South Africa’s Type 209 submarines to be overhauled in Naval Dockyard Simon’s Town, thereby establish- ing this capability in the navy. The inordinate length of the overhaul is indicative of the SAN having to establish the processes and procedures, logistics support and work package for Manthatisi (to include follow-on units) and complete the work at a local shipyard with nominal foreign assistance.
Delays in obtaining spares have also contributed to this refit delays. However, the joining of TKMS and Denel in the modernization effort will now correct the deficiencies as evidenced in the first submarine up- grade.
The key with the frigate and submarine upgrades will depend on receiving the funding required, which has been elusive over the past sev- eral years.
Additional information on this article and the South African Navy (SAN) modernization activities can be obtained by contacting Pat Bright at AMI International (Tel: + 1 757 963 7719 or E-mail: pbright@ami- inter.com) or by visiting the Modernization Report at: http://www.ami- inter.com/wnpr/country/view-country.php?countryID=57.
RUSSIA – Oscar II Class Nuclear Power Guided Missile Submarine (SSGN)
On 07 March 2017, AMI received information that the VMFR’s eight remaining Oscar II class SSGNs will continue a mid-life combat systems refit that includes:
• Hull modification, maintenance and repair.
• Upgrades to auxiliary and shipboard control systems.
• Installation of Omnibus-M combat information system.
• Replacement of Granit surface-to-surface missile system with P-800 Oniks and 3M54 Klub missiles, includes replacement of Granit mis- sile tubes with a standard launch tube for Oniks and Klub missiles.
• Replacement of Type 40 torpedoes with the UGST and SAET 60M dual-purpose torpedoes.
• Replacement of Snoop (series) navigation radar.
• Replacement of Shark Gill hull mounted sonar, Shark Rib flank so- nars and Pelomida towed sonar array.
• Replacement of Rim Hat electronic support measures (ESM) suite. eplacement of periscopes.
As per information received in March 2017, all eight of the units will receive further upgrades and re-designated as Project 949AM class SSGNs. All eight Oscar IIs (as listed above) are expected to receive ad- ditional modifications by 2020. The total cost of this modernization pro- gram is around US$2.9B with shipyard, hull and design modification requirements or US$179M per vessel.
The Oscar IIs will significantly improve their anti-ship/land attack capabilities by increasing the missile load out from 24 Granit missiles to a combination of 72 Oniks and Klub surface-to-surface missiles on board each submarine.
The Oscar IIs having been commissioned between 1988 and 1996 were used very little during the tumultuous years leading up to and fol- lowing the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. This combat systems up- grade, incorporating stateof-the-art weapons and systems, will take ad- vantage of the available service life in these submarines.
Additional information on Russian Navy (VMFR) modernization activities can be obtained by contacting Pat Bright at AMI International (Tel: + 1 757 963 7719 or E-mail: pbright@amiinter.com) or by visiting the Decommissioning/Transfers/Receipts Report at: http://amiinter.com/ wnpr/country/view-country.php?countryID=54.
BANGLADESH – Ming Class (Type 035G) Diesel-Electric Submarines (SS)
On 06 December 2013, AMI received information that the Bangla- desh Navy (BN) ordered two submarines from China, probably of the Ming class (Type 035G). The deal was worth US$203.5M, which includ- ed an overhaul and crew familiarization prior to transfer. The BN will make payments through the end of 2017 with delivery that was original- ly scheduled for 2019.
However, in May 2014, AMI received information that the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) recently decommissioned two units of the Ming class. A Chinese spokesman indicated that the two units would be transferred to the BN by early 2017 rather than two other units that were originally selected for transfer in 2019. Both units were transferred on 15 November 2016 and renamed Nabajatra (New Journey) and Joy- jatra (Victorious Journey). The transfer took place at Nan Shipyard in Dalian. Both units were officially commissioned into the BN on 12 March 2017.
The procurement of submarines is part of the three dimensional na- val force consisting of air, surface and subsurface units announced by the Minister of Defense in 2009. The procurement of the Ming class boats is probably also the first step in the development of the BN’s undersea service although it will be many more years before the BN can afford more modern used or new construction submarines.
Additional information on this article and the Bangladesh Navy’s (BN) receipt activity can be obtained by contacting Pat Bright at AMI International (Tel: + 1 757 963 7719 or E-mail: pbright@amiinter.com) or by visiting the Decommissioning/Transfers/Receipts Report at: http:// www.amiinter.com/wnpr/country/viewcountry.php?countryID=6.
From the May 2017 Issue:
UNITED KINGDOM
Contract Modification in Place for Astute SSN Hull Six
On 28 April 2017, BAE Systems launched the fourth of seven planned Astute class nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSN), being built for the Royal Navy (RN), at their Barrow-in-Furness shipyard. HMS Audacious is currently scheduled to commission in 2018.
This launching follows the news that on 22 April 2017, the Unit-ed Kingdom (UK) Ministry of Defence (MoD) negotiated a new £1.4B (US$1.8B) contract with BAE Systems for the construction of the sixth Astute class, HMS Agamemnon.
The new contract is geared at getting a better deal for UK taxpayers and the Armed Forces by including an incentivized contract arrangement that will help save money as well as get the most out of the shipbuilding industry.
Construction of the 97m (318.2ft) 7,400 ton Agamemnon began in 2012 and is well underway, alongside the fifth boat, Anson. The current construction schedule for the remainder of the class is as follows:
The seven boats of the Astute class are about 50 percent larger and offer much greater firepower than their predecessor, the Trafalgar class. They will be replacing the Trafalgar class on a one for one basis, three of which have already been decommissioned and replaced with the first three Astute class boats; HMS Astute, Ambush, and Artful.
Additional information on this project can be obtained by contact- ing Rick Dorn at AMI International (Tel: + 1 360 674 6494 or E-mail: rdorn@amiinter.com) or visiting the Astute Class Nuclear-Powered At- tack Submarine (SSN) Project Report at: http://amiinter.com/wnpr/proj- ects/project.php?newcontID=550&countryID=67.
EGYPT
S-41 (Type 209) Class Submarine
On 19 April 2017, the Egyptian Navy (EN) took delivery of its sec- ond (S-42) of four Type 209 class submarines from Germany.
S-42 arrived at Egypt’s Ras al-Tin Naval Base. The submarines were built at Germany’s ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions (TKIS) HDW Shipyard. Two additional units (S-43 and S-44) are currently construc- tion at TKIS and will be delivered to the EN by 2020.
Additional information on the Africa Region can be obtained by contacting Pat Bright at AMI International (Tel: + 1 757 963 7719 or E-mail: pbright@amiinter.com) or visiting AMI International’s website at: http://www.amiinter.com.
UNITED STATES
L3 Technologies Acquires OceanServer Technology
On 4 April 2017, L3 Technologies announced that they had complet- ed the acquisition of OceanServer Technology on 17 March 2017. The Massachusetts based company develops and manufactures autonomous, lightweight unmanned underwater vessels (UUV).
According to L3 Technologies, the OceanServer UUVs are operated by a number of customers, including the military, and they will compli- ment L3’s sensor and communication systems, as well as its integrated intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), mine countermea- sures (MCM), and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) portfolio.
The acquisition will position L3 to support the US Navy’s vision for the tactical employment of UUVs as well as positioning the company with a technological capability in one of the biggest growth areas within militaries around the world.
Additional information on these articles can be obtained by contact- ing Rick Dorn at AMI International (Tel: + 1 360 674 6494 or E-mail: rdorn@amiinter.com).
MODERNIZATION AND SHIP TRANSFER
RUSSIA – Kirov (Orlan) (Project 1144.1/2) Class Nuclear-Powered Cruisers (CGN)
As early as late 2009, the Russian Navy (VMFR) had plans to mod- ernize and reactivate at least three of the Kirov class nuclear-powered cruisers. Currently, only one is operational, RFS Pyotr Velikiy (099). In 2013, RFS Admiral Nakhimov (085) (ex-Kalinin) entered Sevmash Shipyard for refit with an expected departure date of 2018. Information received indicates that the ship’s in service date will slip until 2022. The third Kirov class cruiser, RFS Admiral Lazarev (ex-Frunze) was origi- nally commissioned in 1984 and decommissioned in 1998.
From the June 2017 Issue:
SINGAPORE
Additional Type 218SG Submarine Ordered
On 16 May 2017 (at the International Maritime Defence Exhibition and Conference (IMDEX) Asia 2017), the Republic of Singapore’s De- fence Minister Ng Eng Hen announced that the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) would acquire two additional Type 218 Diesel Electric/Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) submarines from ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems TKMS) of Germany.
The two additional hulls will be delivered in 2024 and 2025. The first two units of the class are currently under construction in Germany at Kiel. The first unit started construction in June 2015 and is currently being outfitted and unit two is now under construction. The first unit will be delivered to Singapore in 2021 and unit two in 2022. Units three and four will probably begin construction in 2019 and 2020 in order to meet the 2024 and 2025 commissioning dates.
RSN officials also confirmed that units three and four would have minor upgrades to their combat systems to make up for the 10-year de- lay between the first two units and the final two. The upgrades probably include the latest software changes on all of the sensors and weapons.
TKMS will also provide in service support (not yet contracted) for the four submarines in partnership with domestic Singaporean industrial partners. Once complete, the four Type 218s will supplement the two Ar- cher class submarines currently in service and will apparently maintain a six-hull submarine fleet as envisioned by the RSN. The Archer class will apparently be for territorial operations and the Type 218s for ocean going operations.
The remaining Challenger class submarines will be decommissioned when the first two hulls are delivered in 2021 and 2022.
Additional information on this project can be obtained by contact- ing Pat Bright at AMI International (Tel: + 1 757 963 7719 or E-mail: pbright@amiinter.com) or by visiting the Type 218SG Diesel Electric/ AIP Submarine Project Report at: http://amiinter.com/wnpr/projects/ project.php?newcontID=880&countryID=68.
MYANMAR
Considering a Submarine Force
On 04 May 2017, AMI received information that the Myanmar Navy (Tatmadaw Yay (TY)) was considering the development of a submarine force to counter other navies in the region that are continuing to procure submarines. This information confirms local press reports that senior navy officials were considering such a plan. There is growing concern within the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and navy circles that submarines are becoming a necessity to counter growing submarine forces in the re- gion by India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia. Although there is a desire, sources do indicate that a submarine pro- gram would be difficult to finance as the TY is already involved in vari- ous acquisitions of surface vessels including Aung Zeya/Modified Aung Zeya class frigates, Anawratha class corvettes, Inle class Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPVs), and two types of Fast Attack Craft (FAC). The majority of these vessels are being built in country with assistance from China,
their primary supplier.
If the TY would move forward with such a plan, AMI envisions that China would most likely be the supplier due to its historical supply chain ties to Myanmar in addition to lower cost systems and financing arrange- ments. The submarines would be built in China as Myanmar does not have the ability to build submarines although they have moved forward in the area of indigenous surface ship construction in recent years with China’s help.
Similar to Bangladesh, the TY could procure used submarines from China with new construction hulls coming at a later date. AMI estimates that if submarines are procured by the TY, it would probably be after 2020 as the sea service will be involved in its current construction pro- grams into the late 2020s. Follow-on new construction hulls could follow in the late 2020s/early 2030s with China providing the building location, hull design and financing. The initial requirement would probably be for two submarines. Any increase in hulls numbers would probably be determined by future submarine force levels in the region.
In regards to subsystems, used vessels would be 100 percent Chi- nese although new builds could be a mixture of Chinese, Indian and to a lesser extent Western systems. Western and Indian systems are slowly appearing on TY surface units and could follow suit on Chinese-built new construction submarines as well.
Additional information on Myanmar can be obtained by contact- ing Pat Bright at AMI International (Tel: + 1 757 963 7719 or E-mail: pbright@amiinter.com) or by visiting the Myanmar Country Report at: http://amiinter.com/wnpr/country/view-country.php?countryID=76.
INDONESIA
STM/TKMS Industrial Team Offering Indonesian Submarine Solution
On 10 May 2017, at the 13th International Defense Industry Fair (IDEF) 2017 in Turkey, Turkish company STM and Germany’s Thyssen- Krupp Marine Systems (TKMS) signed a Letter of Intent (LoI) to coop- erate in building a variant of the Type 214 submarine for the Indonesian Navy (Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut (TNI–AL)).
Through a Joint Venture (JV) with STM, TKMS will partner with Turkey’s Golcuk Shipyard for the construction phase. Golcuk Shipyard is building the six Turkish Naval Force’s (TNF) Type 214 (Reis class) submarines. Under the LoI, Golcuk will build the first one or two hulls with follow on units being built in Indonesia. This assumes that the LoI results in an actual construction contract.
The new STM/TKMS JV Type 214 is the latest offering by interna- tional suppliers for additional submarines for the TNI-AL. STM/TKMS joins Saab Kockums, DCNS and Russia in looking to provide Indonesia in its quest to procure additional submarines as it attempts to increase its force levels to a minimum of 12 hulls (24 hulls over the long term).
The TNI-AL is currently involved in a three-hull purchase of the Improved Change Bogo (Type 209) through South Korea. The first unit is being built at Korea’s Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME) and is expected to be delivered to Indonesia by the end of 2017. Unit two is being split-build at DSME and Indonesia’s PAL Shipbuilding (PT PAL) in Surabaya and expected to be completed by the end of 2018. Unit three will be built entirely at PAL and delivered in 2019.
It can be expected that the Type 214 design or any of the other pre- vious offers are enacted, will have the first unit built at the foreign yard with the Indonesian units being built at PAL Surabaya. Although the exact number of hulls being planned is not known publicly, the TNI- AL continues to call for a force of 12 hulls (minimum). Currently, there are two 1980s vintage Type 209s in the sea service (and recently over- hauled in South Korea) with three newer units expected through 2019. This leaves the TNI-AL short by seven hulls just to meet its minimum planned force levels. That number would increase by at least two hulls as the older Type 209s will need to be retired as the new hulls enter service. It is uncertain as to why Indonesia is continuing to search for new designs as the Chang Bogo class is fairly modern. It is possible that In- donesia wants to open a second supply line in order to support their in- digenous construction goals of building all types of vessels in country. They also gain access to yet another supply line of weapons and sensor systems. Although an LoI is in place, Indonesia still retains the right to entertain other offers until an actual contract is in place and AMI esti-
mates that the TNI-AL may be doing just that.
Additional information on Indonesia can be obtained by contact- ing Pat Bright at AMI International (Tel: + 1 757 963 7719 or E-mail: pbright@amiinter.com) or by visiting the Indonesia Country Report at: http://amiinter.com/wnpr/country/view-country.php?countryID=27.
DID YOU KNOW?
UNITED STATES – On 26 May 2017, the United States Navy (US) accepted delivery of its 14th Virginia class nuclear powered attack sub- marine (SSN), USS Washington (SSN 787), at Huntington Ingalls Indus- tries (HII) Newport News Shipyard.
MODERNIZATION AND SHIP TRANSFER
From the Desk of the Vice President of Market Intelligence
Naval Vessel Transfers: Increasing Focus on the Asia-Pacific Region
The sale or transfer of retired naval vessels is a longstanding practice and key element of defense and foreign policy of many countries. For ex- ample, the United States transfers retired ships such as the Oliver Hazard Perry class frigates through the Excess Defense Articles (EDA) program administered by the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA), and legislation such as the Naval Vessels Transfer Act. The Royal Navy has sold Type 22 frigates to Chile, Romania and Brazil. Russia’s sale of an aircraft carrier 20 years ago marked the beginning of China’s aircraft car- rier construction. Further, dozens of ex-Soviet and Russian naval ships are operated by navies across the world.
As detailed in this month’s Ship Modernization and Transfer news- letter, the Asia-Pacific (A-P) region is an area where naval ship transfers increasing. Many of those transfers come from countries such as Japan, China and the Republic of Korea (ROK) that have not historically been significant sources of used naval ships. As shown in the table below, ship types offered range from frigates to OPVs, to amphibious ships and even submarines
AMI continues to report on the steady modernization and growth of Asian-Pacific navies such as China, Korea, and Japan over the past 25 years. As those navies continue to invest in newer ships and systems, it is not surprising to see that the ships retired from their fleets are attractive candidates for transfer elsewhere in the region. Many of these ships have 10-20 years (or more) of service life remaining. They are welcomed as costeffective additions to smaller and regional navies and coast guards trying to grow and modernize their maritime force structures, usually under strict budget constraints. Ship transfers enable recipient countries like Vietnam and the Philippines to become better equipped to meet the increased demands on their maritime forces in a changing regional secu- rity environment. This in turn serves both national and regional strategic goals.
AMI has tracked and reported on ship transfer trends worldwide for over 30 years. Our proprietary data on this sector of the naval market is extensive and detailed. As highlighted in the table below, taken from one of our recent consulting studies, our Existing Ships Data Base (ESDB) provides the baseline to anticipate future ship transfers and moderniza- tion opportunities among the nearly 13,000 ships in service worldwide.
It is no accident that we group ship transfers and modernization in a single monthly report, as the two are closely related. Most (if not all) of the ships retired from service and gifted or sold to other navies require equipment refits—often quite extensive. Every ship transfer therefore represents a market opportunity, especially for our clients in the mainte- nance and repair and systems sectors of the naval market.
AMI’s ESDB is the foundation for consulting and advisory insights in the modernization and refit market. We apply assessment tools such as aged analysis— mapping by ship type, age, equipment fit and operating country—to help clients single out and evaluate modernization opportu- nities.
UNITED STATES – Los Angeles Class Nuclear-Powered Attack Submarine (SSN)
On 22 May 2017, the USN’s Los Angeles class SSN, USS DAL- LAS (SSN 700), arrived at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard (PSNS) in
Bremerton, Washington for inactivation and decommissioning process. Following decommissioning, the submarine will remain in the inac-
tive status and is not eligible for resale.
Additional information on this article and United States Navy (USN) decommissioning activities can be obtained by contacting Pat Bright at AMI International (Tel: + 1 757 963 7719 or E-mail: pbright@amiinter. com) or by visiting the Decommissioning/Transfers/Receipts Report at: www.amiinter.com/wnpr/country/viewcountry.php?country-D=68.
